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Seymour Martin Lipset

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Seymour Martin Lipset
LipsetImage.jpg
Born March 18, 1922
Harlem, New York, New York, USA[1]
Died December 31, 2006 (aged 84)
Arlington, Virginia, USA[1]
Occupation Political sociologist

Seymour Martin Lipset (March 18, 1922 – December 31, 2006) was an American political sociologist, a senior fellow at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University, and the Hazel Professor of Public Policy at George Mason University. His major work was in the fields of political sociology, trade union organization, social stratification, public opinion, and the sociology of intellectual life. He also wrote extensively about the conditions for democracy in comparative perspective.

Early life and education

Lipset was born in Harlem, New York City, the son of Russian Jewish immigrants.[2] His family urged him to become a dentist.[1] He graduated from City College of New York, where he was an anti-Stalinist leftist,[2] and later became National Chairman of the Young People's Socialist League. He received a doctorate in sociology from Columbia University in 1949. Before that he taught at the University of Toronto.

Academic career

Lipset was the Caroline S.G. Munro Professor of Political Science and Sociology at Stanford University from 1975 to 1990, and then became the George D. Markham Professor of Government and Sociology at Harvard University. He also taught at Columbia University, the University of California, Berkeley, and the University of Toronto.

Lipset was a member of the National Academy of Sciences. He was the only person to have been President of both the American Political Science Association (1979–80) and the American Sociological Association (1992–93).[1] He also served as the President of the International Society of Political Psychology, the Sociological Research Association, the World Association for Public Opinion Research, the Society for Comparative Research, and the Paul F. Lazarsfeld Society in Vienna.

Besides making substantial contributions to cleavage theory, with his partner Stein Rokkan, Lipset was one of the first proponents of the "theory of modernization", which holds that democracy is the direct result of economic growth, and that “[t]he more well-to-do a nation, the greater the chances that it will sustain democracy.”[3]

Lipset received the MacIver Prize for Political Man (1960) and, in 1970, the Gunnar Myrdal Prize for The Politics of Unreason.

In 2001, Lipset was named among the top 100 American intellectuals, as measured by academic citations, in Richard Posner's book, Public Intellectuals: A Study of Decline.[4]

Public affairs

Lipset left the Socialist Party in 1960 and later described himself as a centrist, deeply influenced by Alexis de Tocqueville, George Washington, Aristotle, and Max Weber.[5] He became active within the of the Democratic Party's conservative wing, and was one of the 'original neoconservatives', a small group of public intellectuals who were the first to be called neoconservatives.[1][6]

Lipset was vice-chair of the board of directors of the United States Institute of Peace,[7] a board member of the Albert Shanker Institute, a member of the US Board of Foreign Scholarships, co-chair of the Committee for Labor Law Reform, co-chair of the Committee for an Effective UNESCO, and consultant to the National Endowment for the Humanities, the National Humanities Institute, the National Endowment for Democracy, and the American Jewish Committee.

Lipset was a strong supporter of the state of Israel, and was President of the American Professors for Peace in the Middle East, chair of the National B'nai B'rith Hillel Commission and the Faculty Advisory Cabinet of the United Jewish Appeal, and co-chair of the Executive Committee of the International Center for Peace in the Middle East. He worked for years on seeking solution for the Israeli Palestinian conflict[7] as part of his larger project of research on the factors that allow societies to sustain stable and peaceful democracies. His work focused on the way in which high levels of socioeconomic development created the preconditions for democracy (see also Amartya Sen's work), and the consequences of democracy for peace.[8]

Awards

Lipset's book The First New Nation was a finalist for the National Book Award. He was also awarded the Townsend Harris and Margaret Byrd Dawson Medals for significant achievement, the Northern Telecom-International Council for Canadian Studies Gold Medal, and the Leon Epstein Prize in Comparative Politics by the American Political Science Association. He received the Marshall Sklare Award for distinction in Jewish studies and, in 1997, he was awarded the Helen Dinnerman Prize by the World Association for Public Opinion Research.

Personal life

Lipset's first wife, Elsie, died in 1987. She was the mother of his three children, David, Daniel, and Carola[1] ("Cici"). David Lipset is a Professor of Anthropology at the University of Minnesota. He had six grandchildren. Lipset was survived by his second wife, Sydnee Guyer (a director of the JCRC),[2] whom he married in 1990.

At age 84, Lipset died as a result of complications following a stroke.[5][1]

Selected works

 

 

シーモア・M・リプセット

 

シーモア(セイモア)・マーティン・リプセット(Seymour Martin Lipset, 1922年3月18日 - 2006年12月31日)は、アメリカ合衆国社会学者政治学者。専門は、政治社会学

ニューヨーク生まれ。ニューヨーク市立大学シティカレッジ卒業後、コロンビア大学で博士号取得。スタンフォード大学ハーヴァード大学コロンビア大学トロント大学などで教鞭をとる。1981年から1982年にかけてアメリカ政治学会会長を務めた。スタイン・ロッカンと共に政党システムにおける凍結仮説の提唱を行ったこと、経済発展は中間層を形成し、政治の民主化をもたらすとした「リプセット命題」で知られる。

 

日本語訳著作

単著

アメリカ例外論 - 日欧とも異質な超大国の論理とは 明石ライブラリー

 

共著

  • (アレン・バートン, ジャン・リンツ)『投票の心理――政治行動の一分析』(みすず書房, 1957年)
  • (R・ベンディクス)『産業社会の構造――社会的移動の比較分析』(サイマル出版会, 1969年)
  • (E・C・ラッド)『ひび割れた大学――大学知識人と政治的志向』(東京創元社, 1980年)

 

編著

  • 『学生と政治』(未來社, 1969年)
  • 『現代政治学の基礎』(東京大学出版会, 1973年)

 

1 図書資料 アメリカ例外論-日欧とも異質な超大国の論理とは-(明石ライブラリー 9) シーモア・M・リプセット/著 上坂昇/訳 金重紘/訳 明石書店 1999
2 図書資料 現代政治学の理論 上 白鳥令/編 早稲田大学出版部 1993
3 図書資料 政治のなかの人間-現代社会科学叢書-(ポリティカル・マン 内山秀夫/訳) S・M・リプセット/著 創元新社 1963