ロバート・アクセルロッドの著作--現代の思想家(002)
アメリカの政治学者のアクセルロッド。シュミレーションによるゲームの理論の考察で有名。
しっぺ返し戦略の優位性を提唱した。邦訳には次のものがある。
つきあい方の科学―バクテリアから国際関係まで (Minerva21世紀ライブラリー)
1998/5- 単行本: 256ページ
- 出版社: ミネルヴァ書房; 〔新装版〕版 (1998/05)
対立と協調の科学-エージェント・ベース・モデルによる複雑系の解明
2003/6/6- 単行本: 306ページ
- 出版社: ダイヤモンド社 (2003/6/6)
複雑系組織論 多様性・相互作用・淘汰のメカニズム
2003/6/6- 単行本: 224ページ
- 出版社: ダイヤモンド社 (2003/6/6)
2 | 図書資料 | 対立と協調の科学-エージェント・ベース・モデルによる複雑系の解明- | ロバート・アクセルロッド/著 寺野隆雄/監訳 | ダイヤモンド社 | 2003 |
3 | 図書資料 | つきあい方の科学-バクテリアから国際関係まで- | ロバート・アクセルロッド/著 松田裕之/訳 | CBS出版 | 1987 |
ロバート・アクセルロッド
ロバート・アクセルロッド(Robert M. Axelrod, 1943年5月27日 - )は、アメリカ合衆国の政治学者。ミシガン大学の政治学・公共政策教授。
シカゴ大学で数学を専攻後、1969年イェール大学で政治学の博士号取得。カリフォルニア大学バークレー校助教授(1968年-1974年)を経て、1989年から現職。2006年から2007年までアメリカ政治学会会長を務めた。2006年5月にはジョージタウン大学から名誉博士号を授与された。
1980年、繰り返し型の囚人のジレンマに関して、様々な分野の研究者からゲーム戦略を募集し、コンピュータープログラムとして総当たり対戦を行った実験が有名。最も単純な戦略である「しっぺ返し戦略(tit for tat)」が優勝し、打倒「しっぺ返し」を期して行われた第2回実験でも、「しっぺ返し」戦略が優勝した。この実験の成果はゲーム理論・行動経済学・進化生物学・倫理学などで頻繁に引用されているが、批判も多い(囚人のジレンマ#アクセルロッドに対する批判参照)。
著書
単著
- Conflict of Interest: A Theory of Divergent Goals with Applications to Politics, (Markham, 1970).
- The Evolution of Cooperation, (Basic Books, 1984).
- 松田裕之訳『つきあい方の科学――バクテリアから国際関係まで』(CBS出版, 1987年/ミネルヴァ書房, 1998年)
- The Complexity of Cooperation: Agent-based Models of Competition and Collaboration, (Princeton University Press, 1997).
共著
- Harnessing Complexity: Organizational Implications of a Scientific Frontier, with Michael D. Cohen, (Free Press, 1999).
編著
- Structure of Decision: the Cognitive Maps of Political Elites, (Princeton University Press, 1976).
関連項目
外部リンク
Robert Axelrod
Robert Marshall Axelrod (born May 27, 1943) is an American political scientist. He is Professor of Political Science and Public Policy at the University of Michigan where he has been since 1974. He is best known for his interdisciplinary work on the evolution of cooperation, which has been cited in numerous articles. His current research interests include complexity theory (especially agent-based modeling), international security, and cyber security. Axelrod is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations.[1]
Biography
Axelrod received his B.A. in mathematics from the University of Chicago in 1964. In 1969, he received his Ph.D. in political science from Yale University for a thesis entitled Conflict of interest: a theory of divergent goals with applications to politics. He taught at the University of California, Berkeley, from 1968 until 1974.
Among his honors and awards are membership in the National Academy of Sciences, a five-year MacArthur Prize Fellowship, the Newcomb Cleveland Prize of the American Association for the Advancement of Sciences for an outstanding contribution to science. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1985.[2] In 1990 Axelrod was awarded the inaugural NAS Award for Behavior Research Relevant to the Prevention of Nuclear War from the National Academy of Sciences.[3]
Recently Axelrod has consulted and lectured on promoting cooperation and harnessing complexity for the United Nations, the World Bank, the U.S. Department of Defense, and various organizations serving health care professionals, business leaders, and K-12 educators.
Axelrod was the President of the American Political Science Association (APSA) for the 2006-2007 term. He focused his term on the theme of interdisciplinarity.
In May 2006, Axelrod was awarded an honorary degree by Georgetown University. In 2013, he was awarded the Johan Skytte Prize in Political Science. In 2014, President Barack Obama presented Axelrod with a National Medal of Science.[4] On May 28, 2015, he was awarded an honorary doctorate by Harvard University.
Bibliography
Books
- Axelrod, Robert (1970). Conflict of interest: a theory of divergent goals with applications to politics. Markham Pub. Co. Retrieved 28 April 2012.
- Axelrod, Robert (1976), Structure of Decision: The Cognitive Map of Political Elites, Princeton University Press, ISBN 0-691-10050-0
- Axelrod, Robert (1984), The Evolution of Cooperation, Basic Books, ISBN 978-0-465-02122-2
- Axelrod, Robert (1997), The Complexity of Cooperation: Agent-Based Models of Competition and Collaboration, Princeton University Press, ISBN 0-691-01567-8
- Axelrod, Robert (2006), The Evolution of Cooperation (Revised ed.), Perseus Books Group, ISBN 0-465-00564-0
- Axelrod, Robert; Cohen, Michael D. (2001-08-02). Harnessing Complexity. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-00550-5. Retrieved 28 April 2012.
Journal articles
- Axelrod, Robert; Hamilton, William D. (27 March 1981). "The evolution of cooperation". Science. Highwire Press: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). 211 (4489): 1390–1396. doi:10.1126/science.7466396. PMID 7466396.
- Axelrod, Robert (April 1997). "The dissemination of culture: a model with local convergence and global polarization". Journal of Conflict Resolution. Sage. 41 (2): 203–226. doi:10.1177/0022002797041002001.
See also
References
- Membership Roster - Council on Foreign Relations
- "Book of Members, 1780-2010: Chapter A" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 28 April 2011.
- "NAS Award for Behavior Research Relevant to the Prevention of Nuclear War". National Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 16 February 2011.
- "Remarks by the President at National Medals of Science and National Medals of Technology and Innovation Award Ceremony". White House. Retrieved 29 December 2014.